Antibacterial Potential of Fermented and Non-Fermented Allium sativum var. Solo Against Staphylococcus epidermidis

Authors

  • I Gede Ngurah Putra Nata Sudana Universitas Islam Al Azhar , Indonesia
  • Sabariah Universitas Islam Al-Azhar, Indonesia
  • Musyarrafah Universitas Islam Al-Azhar, Indonesia
  • Wiwin Mulianingsih Universitas Islam Al-Azhar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32807/jkp.v19i2.1756

Keywords:

Solo Garlic, Fermentation, Non-Fermented, Rhizopus sp, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Herbal Antibiotics, Antibacterial

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin diseases worldwide, often treated with antibiotics to suppress the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, the irrational use of antibiotics has led to the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance, necessitating alternative solutions. Herbal plants, such as single bulb garlic (Allium sativum var. Solo garlic), offer promising antibacterial properties due to their allicin content. Fermentation of garlic has been shown to enhance its antibacterial activity. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial potential of non-fermented and fermented single bulb garlic extracts against Staphylococcus epidermidis using a True Experiment with a Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The well diffusion method was applied to 24 samples divided into six groups: non-fermented and fermented extracts at concentrations of 60%, 80%, and 100%, with clindamycin and sterile aquadest as controls. Results demonstrated that all garlic extract groups exhibited sensitivity (>21 mm). Inhibition zones for non-fermented extracts were 29 mm, 33 mm, and 33 mm, while fermented extracts showed significantly larger zones of 38 mm, 40 mm, and 40 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between non-fermented and fermented groups. The findings highlight the enhanced antibacterial efficacy of fermented garlic, making it a potent alternative to combat Staphylococcus epidermidis.

References

Achyar, M. Rezky. 2020. “Efek Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum) Fermentasi Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Duodenum Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Indometasin.†Universitas Airlangga.

Al-Kubeisi, Ahmed K. 2022. “Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Alcohol Extracts of Zingiber Officinale and Allium Sativum on Bacterial Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection Patients.†International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 12(4):1751–56. doi: 10.25258/ijddt.12.4.43.

Bhatwalkar, Sushma Bagde, Rajesh Mondal, Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna, Jamila Khatoon Adam, Patrick Govender, and Rajaneesh Anupam. 2021. “Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic (Allium Sativum).†Frontiers in Microbiology 12(July):1–20. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613077.

CLSI. 2023. CLSI, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 33rd ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institue.

Dewi, Kadek Eliana Kesuma, Nur Habibah, and Nyoman Mastra. 2020. “Uji Daya Hambat Berbagai Konsentrasi Perasan Jeruk Lemon Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes.†Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi 9(1):86–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v9i1.19216.

Eichenfield, Dawn Z., Jessica Sprague, and Lawrence F. Eichenfield. 2021. “Management of Acne Vulgaris: A Review.†JAMA 326(20):2055–67. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17633.

Fajryana, Annisa, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Linda Chiuman, and Sahna Ferdinand Ginting. 2022. “Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract (Allium Sativum) Using Fermentation and Non Fermentation towards Propionibacterium Acne.†IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1083(1). doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1083/1/012070.

Hana, Widya, Putri Gerung, and Irma Antasionasti. 2021. “Antibacterial Activity Test Of Belimbing Botol Leaf Extract ( Averrhoa Bilimbi L .) Against The Growth Of Propionibacterium Acne , An Acne-Causing Bacteria The Growth Of Propionibacterium Acne, An Acne-Causing Bacteria.†10.

Hasanah, Siti Nur. 2023. “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Daun Belimbing Manis (Averrhoa Carambola L) Menggunakan Metode Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Pyogenes Secara In Vitro.†UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG BANDAR LAMPUNG.

Junita, Dewa Ayu Krisna. 2020. “Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (Imt) Dengan Kejadian Acne Vulgaris Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar Angkatan 2018-2019.†UNIVERSITAS ISLAM AL-AZHAR.

Kumontoy, Grenvilco D., Djefry Deeng., and Titiek Mulianti. 2023. “Pemanfaatan Tanaman Herbal Sebagai Obat Tradisional Untuk Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Desa Guaan Kecamatan Mooat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur.†16(3):1–20.

Lee, Ezra, and Fatima Anjum. 2023. “Staphylococcus epidermidis Infection.†in StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.

Lestari, Sri Rahayu. 2021. Monograf Bawang Putih Tunggal Khasiat Dan Manfaatnya. Universitas Negeri Malang.

Parhusip, Adolf J. N., and Sherly. 2023. “Fermentation Of Garlic With Rhizopus Oryzae And Lactobacillus Bulgaricus As Food Preservatives.†Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan 8(2):133–45.

Purwantiningsih, T. I., A. Rusae, and Z. Freitas. 2019. “Uji In Vitro Antibakteri Ekstrak Bawang Putih Sebagai Bahan Alami Untuk Menghambat Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli Garlic Extract Antibacterial In Vitro Test as Nature Inggredient to Inhibit Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli.†Sains Peternakan 17(1):1–4.

Putri, Cindy Ivan, M. Fitr. Wardhana, Femmy Andrifianie, and Muhammad Iqbal. 2023. “Literature Review: Kejadian Resistensi Pada Penggunaan Antibiotik.†Medula 13(3):219–25.

Rahmawatiani, Ayu, Dewi Mayasari, and Angga Cipta Narsa. 2020. “Kajian Literatur: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Herba Suruhan (Peperomia Pellucida L.).†Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 12:117–24. doi: 10.25026/mpc.v12i1.401.

Rizqi, Salsabila Aprilia, Anak Agung Istri Yuliandani, Wikal Rizky Yudheansyah, Emirsyalnuary, Khairunnisa Andini, Trisiyana Sholika Sari, Anak Agung Freda Suksma Carira, Ade Dwiki Lusiana, Rizka Aulia Rahma, Davin Mahendra Duwiri, and Liza Pristianty. 2022. “Pemilihan Produk Anti Acne Di Media Sosial Pada Remaja Di Beberapa Kota/Kabupaten Di Indonesia.†Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas 9(1):1–9.

Saleh, Reza Damayanti, Sri Vitayani, Sigit Dwi Pramono, Dian Amelia Abdi, and Yani Sodiqah. 2023. “Uji Sensitivitas Ekstrak Kulit Batang Belimbing Wuluh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis Penyebab Acne Vulgaris.†Fakumi Medical Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kedokteran 3(11):836–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.33096/fmj.v3i11.415.

Saptowo, Ari, Risa Supriningrum, and Supomo Supomo. 2022. “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Batang Sekilang (Embeliaborneensis Scheff) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes Dan Staphylococcus epidermidis.†Al-Ulum: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi 7(2):93. doi: 10.31602/ajst.v7i2.6331.

Sharma, Manoj Kumar, and Dhanraj Nagar. 2021. “Development of Botanicals to Combat Antibiotic Resistance.†World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 10(3):962–96.

Sofyanita, Eko Naning. 2023. “Pengaruh Daya Hambat Perasan Bawang Putih Tunggal (Allium Sativum L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella Typhi.†Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa 6(2):13. doi: 10.30602/jlk.v6i2.630.

Wardani, Hanifa Nurusita. 2020. “Potensi Ekstrak Daun Sirsak Dalam Mengatasi Kulit Wajah Berjerawat.†Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional 2(4):563 – 570.

Downloads

Published

2025-08-31

How to Cite

I Gede Ngurah Putra Nata Sudana, Sabariah, Musyarrafah, & Mulianingsih, W. (2025). Antibacterial Potential of Fermented and Non-Fermented Allium sativum var. Solo Against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Kesehatan Prima, 19(2), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.32807/jkp.v19i2.1756

Issue

Section

Articles

Citation Check